29 – HEAVY METAL

Heavy metal is a term supposedly coined by William Burroughs in his novel, "The Soft Machine." During the late 1960's, several factors predicted the common usage of the expression. A satirical group called The Fugs named their publishing company Heavy Metal Music. Lyrics such as "Like a stroke of lightning, heavy metal thunder" from Steppenwolf's "Born To Be Wild"(1968), written by Canada's Mars Bonfire, aligned the expression with hard core rock music. Also in 1968, The Iron Butterfly released a rather sinister debut album called "Heavy." Thereafter, any rock music of a hard core nature was promptly dubbed "heavy." By 1974, one early British thrash band had called itself The Heavy Metal Kids.

Metal as a music form is one of the few modern music styles which basically has not changed much since its inception. Some aficionados believe it to be the purist type of modern rock. Its roots can be traced back to surf guitarist Dick Dale and the influx of garage bands such as The Troggs and Them during the mid to late 1960's. Actually, a sinister little epic titled "Rumble" by pioneer rock guitarist Link Wray back in 1958 could in all possibility be considered a starting point for heavy metal history. As the years went by, guitarists discovered their volume controls, an array of gadgets and gimmicks such as wah-wahs and fuzztones and various experimental techniques such as feedback, pioneered by artists such as Pete Townshend and Jimi Hendrix. At the end of the so-called hippie era, the platform of "peace, love and flowers" once again gave way to "the angry young man" syndrome. Groups like The Stooges and The MC5 began taking the destructive stage tactics pioneered by The Who to the extreme. Instead of utilizing violence as a rousing climax to an exciting performance, each song assumed a threatening and dangerous attitude.

Heavy metal is easily distinguishable in the eighties and nineties yet in its infancy, the lines were not so clearly cut. Many bands displayed distinct metal elements yet could not be restricted entirely to the classification. Led Zeppelin, probably one of the most influential groups in metal culture was essentially a high volume blues/rock band. Once again, exact classification becomes quite pointless.

Once the listener becomes entrenched in the early recordings of Black Sabbath, it becomes quite clear that here lies one of the most defined roots of heavy metal. As the 1970's plodded by, metal gained significant ground and by the 1980's, the genre had evolved and defined itself with acts like Judas Priest and Metallica. Then again, each group also exhibited certain non metal attributes which differentiated them from their contemporaries.

By the late 1980's, rap had also aligned itself with metal, as in the debut album of Faith No More. The rap/metal connection was predictable since both music forms were the product of the more rebellious factions of black and white youth cultures.

By the late 1990's, metal was still alive and well, often a part of the new alternative scene, and ranking as one of the dominant music styles of the period.

METAL ELEMENTS

• Musically, heavy metal can be defined as a battering ram beat, power chords, multiplicity of notes during guitar solos, high pitched screaming vocals and volume set at the pain threshold.


• Lyrically, it is often chauvinistic and violent, sometimes dealing with drug use, sado-masochism, the occult, mysticism, domination and sexual misconduct.


• Visually, the metal performer often dons leather boots and apparel, accessorized with studs and chains - yet sometimes indulges in eye makeup and dyed, moussed hairdos. Flesh is proudly exposed revealing lean well muscled bodies often decorated with garrish tattoos.


• Sexually, the acts appeal to adolescents of both sexes.


• Attitude is boisterous featuring an onslaught of pouting, sneering, posturing and posing. The defiant rebel stance is easily compatible with the stereotypical biker image. Shock value is common fare - parents hate it, kids love it.


• Staging is generally elaborate and colourful, featuring costly lighting and special effects - amounting to several tons of equipment.


• Most bands are promoted by the use of a definitive recognizable logo.


• The audience is predominantly white.

THE PRECURSORS OF HEAVY METAL

DICK DALE

• See American Rock And Pop Of The Sixties - Surf Music

THE WHO

• See The Summers Of Love

CREAM

• See The Summers Of Love

JIMI HENDRIX

• See The Summers Of Love

The IRON BUTTERFLY

• See The Summers Of Love

BLUE CHEER

• See The Summers Of Love

ALSO SEE

• American Rock And Pop Of The Sixties - Garage Bands

THE FATHERS OF PUNK/METAL

MC5

• 1965 - Punk/metal quintet formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan as The Motor City Five.
• Consisting of singer/lyricist Rob Tyner (Robert Derminer) (Dec. 12, 1944 - Sept. 18, 1991), lead guitarist Wayne Kramer (April 30, 1948 – ), guitarist Fred "Sonic" Smith (1948 - 1994), bassist Michael Davis and drummer Dennis Thompson.
• Formed by manager John Sinclair as an augmentation of his revolutionary White Panther Party.
• March, 1969 - Signed to Elektra.
• Often described as the first '70's band of the '60's.
• An angry controversial band, The MC5 in retrospect served as a direct influence on future punk and metal acts.
• Their lyrics were continually banned by the media, not to mention their own record company.
• 1969 - Their debut album, "Kick Out The Jams" featured a rather controversial version of Nat King Cole's "Ramblin' Rose." The album was quickly deleted by Elektra, resurfacing again in the 1980's.
• March, 1969 - Their only charted hit, "Kick Out The Jams" went to #82.
• 1970 - Signed with Atlantic, releasing "Back In The U.S.A."
• Dec. 31, 1972 - Disbanded after a European tour.
• Feb., 1976 - Kramer pleaded guilty to a cocaine-dealing charge and received a 5 year prison sentence.
• March 1, 1980 - Smith married singer Patti Smith in Detroit.
• Nov. 5, 1994 - Smith died of heart failure.
• Album releases include "Kick Out The Jams"(1968), "Back In The USA"(1970) and "High Time"(1971).
• Kramer released the solo album, "The Hard Stuff."

THE STOOGES/IGGY POP

• Iggy Pop (James Jewel Osterburg) (April 21, 1947 – )
• Singer/drummer born in a trailer park in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
• Often dubbed "The Gutter Poet Laureate" and later nicknamed "The Godfather Of Punk."
• 1965 - Performed with early groups The Iguanas and The Prime Movers.
• 1967 - Changed his name to Iggy Pop (Iggy from Iguanas and Pop after local junkie Jim Popp).
• Oct., 1967 - Formed The Psychedelic Stooges, later shortened to Iggy & The Stooges.
• Aug., 1969 - Signed to Elektra.
• Although the other three members of the band were as equally controversial, it was Iggy's outrageous stage performances including body contortions, self mutilation, throwing up on stage, indulging in fellatio with members of the audience, urination and every other depravity imaginable which brought the band considerable notoriety. Pop was famous for his lean torso.
• Aug., 1969 - Their debut album, "The Stooges," produced by John Cale of The Velvet Underground was released reaching #106. Panned by critics, it now stands as a definitive harbinger of punk. The defiant attitude also played a dramatic part in the development of metal. Classic tracks included "I Wanna Be Your Dog," "No Fun" and "1969."
• Aug., 1970 - Recorded their classic "Funhouse" album, produced by Dion DiMucci.
• 1971 - The band split, with Pop moving to Florida to kick a heroin addiction.
• July, 1972 - David Bowie's manager Tony DeFries brought Iggy to London and with a revamped Stooges featuring guitarist James Williamson (, he produced a metal dominated album called "Raw Power"(April, 1973).
• Feb., 1974 - Iggy Pop went solo, retaining his status as an underground hero of sorts and an important contributor to the early punk and eventually the new wave scene.
• Oct., 1976 - Pop and Bowie spend 3 years in West Berlin, Germany together.
• April, 1977 - Released his classic solo album, "The Idiot"(May, 1977)#72 in collaboration with David Bowie.
• March, 1979 - Signed with Arista and formed a new band featuring Glen Matlock of The Sex Pistols.
• 1985 - Made a cameo appearance in the film, "Sid And Nancy."
• Mental health problems and drug addiction were a major cause for Iggy's productivity.
• Jan., 1991 - His duet with Debbie Harry on "Well Did You Evah" appeared on the Cole Porter tribute album, "Red, Hot & Blue."
• His career remained sporadic, never really achieving the momentum needed to lift him out of cult status and into mainstream pop.
• 1996 - Released the well received "Naughty Little Doggie" album.
• Iggy Pop hits include "Search And Destroy"(1972), "Bang Bang" (Sept., 1981), "Run Like A Villain"(1982), "Cry For Love"(Oct., 1986), "Real Wild Child"(Jan., 1987)#10 UK (a re-working of the 1957 Johnny O'Keefe Australian hit), "Livin'On The Edge"(Feb., 1990)#51 UK and "Lust For Life"(Nov., 1996)#26 UK.

THE BEGINNINGS OF METAL

DEEP PURPLE

• Feb., 1968 - Hard rock quintet formed in Britain originally named Roundabout.
• The original lineup consisted of Ritchie Blackmore (April 14, 1945 – ) (guitar), Rod Evans (Jan. 19, 1945 – ) (vocals), John Lord (June 8, 1941 – ) (keys), Nicky Simper (Nov. 3, 1946 – ) (bass) and Ian Paice (June 29, 1948 – ) (drums).
• April, 1968 - The group makes its live debut in Tastrup, Denmark as Deep Purple.
• Early material consisted mostly of hard rock covers of pop hits. They modeled themselves after their American counterpart Vanilla Fudge.
• Their early style was organ dominated pop/rock with later line-ups taking them into the realm of metal.
• Aug., 1969 - The sound of the band automatically hardened when Evans and Simper were replaced by singer Ian Gillan (Aug. 19, 1945 – ) and bassist Roger Glover (Nov. 30, 1945 – ).
• Dec., 1969 - The group recorded Lord's "Concerto For Group And Orchestra" live at London's Albert Hall with The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.
• Dec., 1970 - Their recording of "Black Night" went to #66 and gave them their first British hit.
• May, 1973 - Their classic "Smoke On The Water" went to #4 US. The song, written by Gillan concerned the Dec. 3, 1971 burning of The Montreaux Casino in Switzerland.
• June, 1973 - After clashing with Blackmore, Gillan and Glover left, replaced by singer David Coverdale (Sept. 21, 1951 – ) and bassist/vocalist Glenn Hughes.
• June 21, 1975 - Founding member Blackmore quit to form Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow, replaced by American guitarist Tommy Bolin (Aug. 1, 1951 - Dec. 4, 1976) (formerly of The James Gang). His erratic behavior and drug abuse led to his demise.
• July, 1976 - Disbanded.
• 1977 - Coverdale, Lord and Paice formed Whitesnake.
• 1984 - Blackmore, Lord, Paice, Glover and Gillan reunited for a world tour and the album, "Perfect Strangers" and 2 others.
• Gillan left, replaced by Joe Lynn Turner.
• 1992 - Gillan returned and they released "The Battle Rages On" album in 1993.
• Hits include "Hush"(Aug., 1968)#4, "Kentucky Woman"(Nov., 1968) #38, "Strange Kinda Woman"(March, 1971)#8 UK, "Woman From Tokyo" (April, 1973)#60, "Might Just Take Your Life"(March, 1974)#91 and "Knocking At Your Back Door"(Jan., 1985)#61.

BLACK SABBATH

• Late, 1966 - Heavy metal quartet formed in Birmingham, England as Polka Tulk, later the blues band Earth.
• Consisting of Ozzy Osbourne (John Michael Osbourne) (Dec. 3, 1948 – ) (vocals), Tony Iommi (Frank Anthony Iommi) (Feb. 19, 1948 – ) (guitar), Terry "Geezer" Butler (Terence Michael Joseph Butler) (July 17, 1949 – ) (bass) and Bill Ward (William Ward) (May 5, 1948 – ) (drums).
• Jan., 1969 - Called themselves Big Bear Folly.
• Feb., 1969 - Became Black Sabbath, their new name taken from a novel by Dennis Wheatley.
• Much of their material dealt with war, drugs, mysticism and the occult.
• Probably the most important band in the evolution of metal.
• Outrageous frontman Osbourne was the focal point of their stage presentation, constantly displaying his madman shtick.
• Feb., 1970 - Their debut album, "Black Sabbath" became a million seller by 1974.
• Sept., 1970 - "Paranoid," their second album featuring "War Pigs" brought international success.
• 1974 - After their fifth album, "Sabbath Bloody Sabbath," featuring keyboards by Rick Wakeman of Yes, managerial problems caused the group to cease recording until the "Sabotage" album in 1975.
• Jan., 1979 - Osbourne left, enjoying a sporadic solo career. He was replaced by Ronnie James Dio (July 10, 1949 – ) of Rainbow.
• June, 1983 - Ian Gillan of Deep Purple joined.
• July 13, 1985 - The original group reunited for the Live AID concert at Wembley Stadium in London, England.
• 1986 - Released their 15th album. Iommi was the only remaining founding member. The new vocalist was Dave Donato.
• Hits include "Paranoid"(Aug., 1970)#4 UK, (Nov., 1970)#61, "Iron Man"(Jan., 1972)#52, "Hard Road"(Oct., 1978)#33 UK and "Turn Up The Night"(Feb., 1982)#37 UK.

OZZY OSBOURNE

• John Michael Osbourne (Dec. 3, 1948 – )
• Singer/songwriter born in Aston, Warks, England.
• 1969 - Founding member of pioneer metal band Black Sabbath.
• Jan., 1979 - Went solo. His new band featured guitarist Randy Rhoads and ex-Uriah Heep drummer Lee Kerslake.
• Sept., 1980 - His "Ozzy Osbourne's Blizzard Of Ozz" album hit # UK.
• 1983 - Released his "Barking At The Moon" album.
• Jan. 20, 1982 - Hospitalized for anti-rabies treatment after biting the head off a live bat thrown at him during a performance. He apparently thought the bat to be plastic. The incident insured his reputation as a metal maniac.
• March 19, 1982 - 25 year old Rhoads died in a plane crash.
• July 4, 1982 - Married his manager's daughter, Sharon Arden.
• July 13, 1985 - Reunited with the original Black Sabbath for the Live AID concert at Wembley Stadium in London, England.
• 1986 - Appeared in the movie, "Trick Or Treat."
• 1986 - His 5th album, "The Ultimate Sin" put him at the peak of his career.
• 1989 - Released the "No Rest For The Wicked" album, a tribute to Rhoads featuring a set of 1981 live recordings.
• Nicknamed "The Blizzard Of Oz," it was also the name of his band.
• 2002 - Became an overwhelming success on TV with his family in "The Osbournes."
• Hits include "Crazy Train"(Sept., 1980)#49 UK, "Shot In The Dark" (March, 1986)#68 US, "Close My Eyes Forever"(March, 1989)#8 US (with Lita Ford) and "No More Tears"(Sept., 1991).

LED ZEPPELIN

• Jimmy Page (James Patrick Page) (Jan. 9, 1944 – )
• Guitarist born in Heston, Middlesex, England.
• Robert Plant (Robert Anthony Plant) (Aug. 20, 1948 – )
• Singer born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England.
• John Paul Jones (John Baldwin) (Jan. 3, 1946 – )
• Bassist/keyboardist born in Sidcup, Kent, England.
• John "Bonzo" Bonham (May 31, 1949 - Sept. 24, 1980)
• Drummer born in Redditch, Worcestershire, England.
• Page had been with The Yardbirds (1966-July, 1968), Bonham had been with Band Of Joy and Plant had recorded with Listen, Whistle (1966) and Band Of Joy (1966-68).
• Oct., 1968 - The band started rehearsing as The New Yardbirds.
• Keith Moon of The Who jokingly stated that they would go over like a lead balloon, thus the band came up with the name Led Zeppelin.
• Manager Peter Grant rivalled Colonel Parker as protector, promoter and celebrity in his own right.
• Like Cream, Zeppelin was a group of virtuosos, each a master of his craft. The band's most obvious attributes were Page's brilliant guitaristry and the sheer power of Plant's vocals.
• Their style was originally the borrowing of blues riffs from artists such as Willie Dixon, seldom acknowledging their sources.
• They became the definitive dizz-buster heavy metal combo, playing at ear shattering volume, taking the listener from an immediate high to a dizzying crescendo.
• Feb., 1969 - Signed to Atlantic at the recommendation of Dusty Springfield.
• May, 1969 - Their debut album, "Led Zeppelin" was released to critical acclaim, hitting #10. Accolades included "the perfect rock combination of three instruments and voice" and "the most exhilarating experience in rock."
• Oct. 17, 1969 - Debuted at New York City's Carnegie Hall.
• By 1970, U.S. sales had topped the 2 million mark.
• 1971 - Their classic "Stairway To Heaven" from the "Led Zeppelin IV" album, never released commercially as a single, became the anthem of the 1970's, garnering more FM airplay than any other song.
• 1973 - During an American tour, a concert in Tampa, Florida, drew 56,000 fans.
• April, 1974 - Formed their own label, Swan Song. Signings included Bad Company, Maggie Bell and The Pretty Things.
• 1975 - Toured with the largest sound system in rock at the time - 70,000 watts. They also featured an impressive laser light show.
• 1975 - Released their biggest selling album, "Physical Graffiti."
• 1976 - Released the film of their 1973 world tour, "The Song Remains The Same."
• Led Zeppelin was a class act, pioneering the metal tradition of combining acoustic passages and full force earth shattering rock sequences during ballad material.
• July 7, 1980 - Their last gig took place at The Eissporthalle (ice rink) in West Berlin.
• Sept. 24, 1980 - John Bonham died in Windsor, Berkshire, England from an alcohol overdose after a 12 hour spree.
• Dec., 1980 - Issued a decision to disband and Jones retired from music.
• 1983 - Plant began his solo career, issuing the solo albums, "Pictures At Eleven"(1982), "The Principle Of Moments"(1983), "Shaken And Stirred"(1985) and "Now And Zen"(1988). Solo hits include "Big Log"(Aug., 1983)#20, "Tall Cool One"(April, 1988)#25 and "Hurting Kind (I've Got My Eyes On You)"(March, 1990)#46.
• 1984 - Page and Plant began recording with Jeff Beck and Nile Rodgers as The Honeydrippers.
• 1987 - A plagiarism suit was brought against the group by Willie Dixon concerning the similarities between his "You Need Love" and "Whole Lotta Love." It was settled out of court.
• 1988 - Page released the "Outrider" solo album.
• 1988 - Bonham's son, drummer Jason Bonham formed his own group, Bonham. Their debut album was "The Disregard Of Timekeeping" (1989).
• 1994 - Plant and Page reunited for their platinum "No Quarter" album featuring updated versions of Led Zeppelin classics plus 3 new tunes.
• April, 1998 - Plant and Page released their "Walking Into Clarksdale" album.
• 2000 - Plant formed the 5 piece folk oriented band, The Priory Of Brion.
• 2000 - Jimmy Page recorded "Live At The Greek: Excess All Areas" with The Black Crowes.
• Hits include "Good Times Bad Times"(March, 1969)#80, "Whole Lotta Love"(Dec., 1969)#4, "Livin' Lovin' Maid"(March, 1970)#65, "Immigrant Song"(Dec., 1970)#16, "Black Dog"(Jan., 1972)#15, "Rock And Roll"(March, 1972)#47, "D'yer Maker"(Nov., 1973)#20, "Trampled Under Foot"(May, 1975)#38 and "Fool In The Rain"(Jan., 1980)#21.
• Other classic tracks include "Dazed And Confused"(1968), "You Shook Me"(1968), "When The Levee Breaks"(1971) and "Kashmir" (1975).

NAZARETH

• 1969 - Hard rock quartet formed in Dunfermline, Scotland, evolving from a group called The Shadettes.
• Consisting of Dan McCafferty (vocals), Manny Charlton (Manuel Charlton) (July 25, 1941 – ) (guitar), Darryl Sweet (May 16, 1947 – ) (drums) and Pete Agnew (Sept. 14, 1946 – ) (bass).
• The Nazareth sound revolved around the frayed yet ear-shattering vocals of McCafferty.
• 1971 - Their debut album "Nazareth" was released.
• 1974 - Their "Loud 'n' Proud" album, produced by Roger Glover (ex-Deep Purple) established them as a major act in Europe.
• 1975 - Dan McCafferty released his solo album.
• 1979 - Guitarist Zal Cleminson (formerly of The Sensational Alex Harvey Band) joined.
• Basically a guitar band until 1981 when keyboardist John Locke (Sept. 25, 1943 – ) formerly of Spirit was added.
• 1981 - Released the live album, "Snaz."
• Hits include "Broken Down Angel"(May, 1973)#9 UK, "This Flight Tonight"(Oct., 1973)#11 UK, "Love Hurts"(Nov., 1975)#8, "May The Sun Shine"(June, 1979)#22 UK and "Holiday"(March, 1980)#87.

URIAH HEEP

• 1970 - Heavy rock quintet formed in Britain from the remains of the group Spice.
• Consisting of Mick Box (June 8, 1947 – ) (guitar), David Byron (Jan. 29, 1947 - Feb. 28, 1985) (vocals), Ken Hensley (Aug. 24, 1945 – ) (keys), John Wetton (July 12, 1949 – ) (bass) and Lee Kerslake (drums).
• Often criticized as being the poor man's Led Zeppelin.
• 1970 - Their debut album, "Very 'Eavy .... Very 'Umble," was critically reviled.
• 1971 - Their "Salisbury" album featured a 16 minute title track augmented by a 26 piece orchestra.
• 1975 - Byron and Wetton left, replaced by singer John Lawton and bassist Trevor Boulder.
• 1979 - Kerslake joined Ozzy Osbourne's new band.
• 1987 - Became the first heavy metal group to perform in Moscow.
• Hits include "Easy Livin'"(July, 1972)#39, "Sweet Lorraine"(Jan., 1973)#91 and "Stealin'"(Oct., 1973)#91.

TED NUGENT

• (Dec. 13, 1948 – )
• Guitarist/singer born in Detroit, Michigan.
• Nicknamed "The Motor City Madman."
• 1957 - Age 9, began playing guitar.
• Mid 1960's - His bands included The Royal High Boys, The Lourdes and Cobo Hall.
• 1967 - Formed the psychedelic garage band The Amboy Dukes in Chicago with singer John Drake, guitarist Steve Farmer, bassist Bill White, drummer Dave Palmer and keyboardist Rick Lober. The group was named after the Brooklyn gang depicted in the 1949 film, "City Across The River" (based on the Irving Shulman novel, "The Amboy Dukes").
• Nugent's anti-drug ethic caused the lineup to change constantly.
• June, 1968 - Their recording of "Journey To The Center Of Your Mind" went to #16.
• 1968-1969 - Toured with Jimi Hendrix and Cream.
• 1970 - Became Ted Nugent & The Amboy Dukes.
• July, 1975 - The group breaks up with Nugent signing a solo recording deal with Epic.
• Famous for his macho stage persona, Nugent sometimes attired in a loin cloth helped define metal with his ear shattering guitar solos.
• Supporter of The National Rifle Association Of America.
• 1989 - Joined forces with bassist/vocalist Jack Blades (ex-Night Ranger), guitarist/vocalist Tommy Shaw (ex-Styx) and drummer Michael Cartellone to form Damn Yankees.
• Owner of one of the 10 largest mink ranches in the world.
• Famous for his catch-phrase, "If it's too loud, you're too old."
• Solo hits include "Hey Baby"(March, 1976)#72, "Cat Scratch Fever" (Aug., 1977)#30, "Yank Me, Crank Me"(April, 1978)#58 and "Wango Tango"(July, 1980)#86.

HUMBLE PIE

• 1969 - Hard rock quartet formed in London, England.
• Featuring guitarist/vocalist Peter Frampton (ex-Herd) and the gut-bucket vocals of guitarist/vocalist Steve Marriott (ex-Small Faces).
• Consisting of Frampton (April 22, 1950 – ), Marriott (Jan. 30, 1947 - April 20, 1991), Greg Ridley (Oct. 23, 1947 – ) (bass) and Jerry Shirley (Feb. 4, 1952 – ) (drums).
• 1969 - Released their debut album, "As Safe As Yesterday Is."
• Oct., 1971 - Frampton went solo, replaced by Dave "Clem" Clempson (Sept. 5, 1949 – ) of Colosseum.
• Their early straight forward rockin' soul sound was later replaced by a harder edge style driven by Marriott's vocals.
• March, 1975 - Disbanded after the "Street Rats" album.
• July, 1975 - Marriott forms The Steve Marriott All-Stars, later rejoining The Small Faces in 1976.
• April, 1980-1981 - Reunited.
• April 20, 1991 - Marriott died in a fire.
• Hits include "Natural Born Bugie"(Aug., 1969)#4 UK, "I Don't Need No Doctor"(Sept., 1971)#73, "Hot 'N' Nasty"(May, 1972)#52 and "Fool For A Pretty Face"(April, 1980)#52.

THE JAMES GANG

• Joe Walsh (Joseph Fidler Walsh) (Nov. 20, 1947 – )
• Guitarist/keyboardist born in Cleveland, Ohio.
• 1968 - Hard rock trio The James Gang was formed in Cleveland, Ohio.
• Named after the famous outlaws gang of the old west.
• Consisting of Walsh, bassist Tom Kriss and drummer James Fox.
• 1969 - Debut album, "Yer Album" was released.
• Jan., 1970 - Kriss was replaced by Dale Peters.
• 1970 - Released the gold album, "Rides Again."
• Nov., 1971 - Walsh left.
• 1971 - Canadian guitarist/singer Dominic Troiano (1945 – ) joined along with fellow Canadian singer Roy Kenner.
• Aug., 1973 - Troiano joined The Guess Who.
• 1973 - Guitarist Tommy Bolin (Aug. 1, 1951 - Dec. 4, 1976) joined.
• Late, 1974 - Bolin quit to join Deep Purple and the band folded.
• Jan., 1975 - The band was resurrected with a new lineup, however success was not in the cards.
• Hits include "Funk #49"(Aug., 1970)#59, "Walk Away"(May, 1971)#51 and "Must Be Love"(Feb., 1974)#54.

FREE

• 1968 - British hard rock quartet formed in London, England.
• Consisting of Paul Rodgers (Dec. 12, 1949 – ) (vocals), Paul Kossoff (Sept. 14, 1950 - March 19, 1976) (guitar), Simon Kirke (Aug. 27, 1949 – ) (drums) and Andy Fraser (Aug. 7, 1952 – ) (bass).
• Kossoff was the son of actor David Kossoff.
• Named and promoted by Alexis Korner.
• Rodgers' vocals were some of the grittiest in rock history.
• The band split three times before finally disbanding.
• Nov., 1973 - Rodgers and Kirke formed Bad Company.
• Fraser went on to form Peace and Kossoff formed Back Street Crawler.
• March 19, 1976 - Kossoff died during a flight from London to New York. It is thought that heroin dependency brought on a heart attack.
• 2000 - A 5 CD set, "Songs Of Yesterday" was released.
• Albums include "Tons Of Sobs"(1968), "Free"(1969), "Fire And Water"(1970), "Highway"(1971), "Free At Last"(1972) and "Heartbreaker"(1973).
• Hits include "All Right Now"(June, 1970)#2 UK, (Aug., 1970)#4, "Stealer"(Nov., 1970)#49, "My Brother Jake"(May, 1971)#4 UK and "Wishing Well"(Jan., 1973)#7 UK.

BAD COMPANY

• Nov., 1973 - Hard rock quartet formed in Britain.
• Consisting of Paul Rodgers (Dec. 12, 1949 – ) (vocals), Mick Ralphs (Michael Jeffrey Ralphs) (May 31, 1944 – ) (guitar), Simon Kirke (Aug. 27, 1949 – ) (drums) and Boz Burrell (Raymond Burrell) (1946 – ) (bass).
• Rodgers and Kirke had been members of Free, Burrell had been with King Crimson and Ralphs had been in Mott The Hoople.
• March 9, 1974 - Made their live debut in Newcastle, England.
• July, 1974 - Their debut album, "Bad Company" was Led Zeppelin's new Swan Song company's first release.
• Famous for their heavy, plodding drum sound and the hoarse, soulful vocals of Rodgers.
• They were more popular in the U.S. than Britain.
• 1983 - Disbanded with Rodgers forming The Firm.
• 1986 - Reunited with new vocalist Brian Howe.
• Albums include "Straight Shooter"(1975) and "Rough Diamonds" (1984).
• Hits include "Can't Get Enough"(Aug., 1974)#5, "Feel Like Makin' Love"(July, 1975)#10, "Young Blood"(March, 1976)#20, "Rock 'N' Roll Fantasy"(March, 1979)#13 and "Gone Gone Gone"(Aug., 1979) #56.

MOLLY HATCHET

• 1971 - Southern hard rock band formed in Jacksonville, Florida.
• Named after a legendary character who decapitated her lovers.
• Consisting of Steve Holland (1954 – ) (rhythm guitar), Dave Hlubeck (1952 – ) (lead guitar), Banner Thomas (bass) and Duane Roland (Dec. 3, 1952 – ) (drums).
• 1975 - Lead singer Danny Joe Brown (1951 – ) of Rum Creek joined.
• 1977 - Signed to Epic.
• 1980 - Brown left, replaced by John Farrar.
• 1983 - Brown returned.
• Hits include "Flirtin' With Disaster"(Jan., 1980)#42 and "Satisfied Man"(Oct., 1984)#81.

THIN LIZZY

• Phil Lynott (Aug. 20, 1951 - Jan. 4, 1986)
• Black bassist/singer born in Dublin, Ireland.
• 1969 - Formed Skid Row in Dublin, Ireland with lead guitarist Gary Moore (1953 – ).
• 1970 - Formed the rock trio Thin Lizzy in Dublin, Ireland.
• Originally called Orphanage.
• Consisting of Lynott, drummer Brian Downey (Jan. 27, 1951 – ) and guitarist Eric Bell (Sept. 3, 1947 – ) (ex-Them).
• Nov., 1970 - Moved to London, England.
• April, 1971 - Released their debut album, "Thin Lizzy."
• Dec. 31, 1973 - Bell quit.
• June, 1974 - Two lead guitarists, Scott Gorham (March 18, 1951 – ) from Santa Monica, California and Brian Robertson (Sept. 12, 1956 – ) from Glasgow, Scotland joined.
• 1976 - The "Jailbreak" album brought them international attention.
• Aug., 1978 - Robertson left to form Wild Horses.
• 1981 - Lynott had a solo hit with "Yellow Pearl," the theme of British TV's "Top Of The Pops."
• Aug., 1983 - Disbanded with Lynott going solo. His British hits include "Dear Miss Lonely Hearts."
• Jan. 4, 1986 - Lynott died of drug related and other health problems.
• Hits include "Whiskey In The Jar"(Jan., 1973)#6 UK, "The Boys Are Back In Town"(May, 1976)#8 UK, #12, "Rosalie - Cowboy Song" (Sept., 1976)#77, "Waiting For An Alibi"(March, 1979)#9 UK and "Killer On The Loose"(Sept., 1980)#10 UK.

MONTROSE

• Ronnie Montrose.
• Guitar whiz kid from Colorado.
• Got his start as a session guitarist in San Francisco, California.
• His style owed much to Jeff Beck.
• 1971 - Toured with Van Morrison and recorded on the albums "Tupelo Honey"(1971) and "Dominic's Preview"(1972).
• 1972 - Played with Boz Scaggs.
• 1973 - Played with Edgar Winter.
• 1974 - Formed Montrose with vocalist Sammy Hagar (Oct. 13, 1947 – ).
• Consisting of Montrose, Hagar, bassist Bill Church and drummer Denny Carmassi.
• Late 1974 - Bob James replaced Hagar who joined Van Halen in 1985.
• 1975 - Keyboardist Jim Alciver joined.
• Montrose was definitely the prototype heavy metal band.
• Recommended album - "Paper Money"(1974).

EDGAR WINTER

• (Dec. 28, 1946 – )
• Albino keyboardist/saxophonist/vocalist born in Beaumont, Texas.
• Younger brother of blues guitarist Johnny Winter (see Rock And Pop Of The Seventies - White Blues).
• In his teens, he played with brother Johnny in the group Black Plague while in Chicago.
• 1968 - Played keys in his brother's group.
• May, 1970 - Appeared on his brother's album, "Second Winter."
• June, 1970 - His debut album, "Entrance" featured Winter playing virtually every instrument.
• June, 1971 - His brass-based band, Edgar Winter's White Trash, was as heavy as you could get. It featured singer/bassist Dan Hartman.
• May, 1972 - His double live album, "Roadwork" featuring "I Can't Turn You Loose" went to #23.
• 1973 - Formed The Edgar Winter Group featuring guitarist Ronnie Montrose and vocalist Dan Hartman. Montrose was later replaced by ex-McCoys guitarist Rick Derringer.
• Oct., 1973 - Guitarist Rick Derringer replaced Montrose.
• Aug., 1974 - His "Shock Treatment" album went to #33.
• 1976 - Recorded the "Together" album with his brother.
• March, 1992 - The Winter brothers played together for the first time in 15 years at The Sting Club in New Britain, Connecticut.
• Hits include "Keep Playin' That Rock 'N' Roll"(Dec., 1971)#70, "Frankenstein"(March, 1973)#1, "Free Ride"(Aug., 1973)#14 and "River's Risin'"(July, 1974)#33.

FOGHAT

• 1971 - Hard rock/boogie quartet formed in Britain.
• Consisting of guitarist/vocalist "Lonesome" Dave Peverett (1944 - Feb. 7, 2000) from London, England, guitarist Rod Price, bassist Tony Stevens (Sept. 12, 1949 – ) and drummer Roger Earl (1949 – ).
• Jameson was later replaced by Craig MacGregor.
• Peverett and Earl had been members of Savoy Brown.
• Foghat retained the blues base perfected by Savoy Brown.
• Stevens was replaced by Nick Jameson who in turn was replaced by Craig MacGregor.
• 1972 - Their debut album, "Foghat" featured a reworking of Willie Dixon's "I Just Want To Make Love To You"(Oct., 1972)#83.
• 1975 - Moved to New York City since the band seemed to be unable to create a stir in their own country.
• 1975 - Their "Energized" album was certified gold in the U.S.
• 1977 - Organized a concert in support of The New York Public Library's blues collection.
• By the 1980's, the group was inactive.
• Feb. 7, 2000 - Peverett died of cancer.
• Hits include "Slow Ride"(Dec., 1975)#20 and "Third Time Lucky (First Time I Was A Fool)"(Nov., 1979)#23.

BLUE OYSTER CULT

• 1967 - Hard rock quintet formed at Stony Brook University in New York City as a vehicle for rock critic Sandy Pearlman's lyrics.
• Originally called Stalk Forrest Group (2 unreleased albums), later Soft White Underbelly and finally Blue Oyster Cult in 1970.
• Consisting of Donald "Buck Dharma" Roeser (Nov. 12, 1947 – ) (lead guitar), Eric Bloom (Dec. 1, 1944 – ) (vocals/ guitar), Allen Lanier (June 25, 1946 – ) (guitar/keys), Joe Bouchard (Nov. 9, 1948 – ) (bass) and drummer/ songwriter Albert Bouchard.
• Their logo represented the god Chronos who ate his son The Grim Reaper.
• Their signature piece was the rock anthem, "Cities On Flame With Rock 'N Roll."
• 1971 - Signed with Columbia.
• June, 1972 - Released their debut album, "Blue Oyster Cult."
• 1974 - Their critically acclaimed third album, "Secret Treaties" boasted the Patti Smith song, "Career Of Evil."
• Aug., 1976 - The "Agents Of Fortune" album featured Patti Smith contributing vocals and material.
• 1976 - Developed the most sophisticated laser light show in rock, costing over $100,000.
• 1981 - Albert Bouchard was replaced by Rick Downey.
• An underrated, aggressive showy band.
• In the 1980's, Roeser released several "Buck Dharma" solo albums.
• Hits include "(Don't Fear) The Reaper"(July, 1976)#12 (May, 1978) #16 UK and "Burnin' For You"(Aug., 1981)#40.

THE FIRST METAL WAVE

RUSH

• Geddy Lee (Gary Lee Weinrib) (July 29, 1953 – )
• Bassist/vocalist born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• Alex Lifeson (Aug. 27, 1953 – )
• Guitarist born in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.
• Neal Peart (Sept. 12, 1952 – )
• Drummer born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
• 1969 - Hard edge power rock trio formed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• Received a lukewarm reception in Canada until Donna Halper of WMMS-FM radio Cleveland began promoting the band.
• July, 1974 - Original drummer John Rutsey left due to ill health, replaced by Peart.
• Peart's "sword and sorcery" tales blended perfectly with the Rush sound.
• 1977 - Their "A Farewell To Kings" album featuring the fanciful "Cygnus X-1" went to #33.
• Dec., 1978 - Their "Hemisheres" album featuring the FM cut, "The Trees" hit #47 US and #14 UK.
• 1979 - The Canadian government awarded them the title Ambassadors Of Music.
• Feb., 1980 - Their international breakthrough album, "Permanent Waves" charted at #4 US and #3 UK.
• 1985 - Their "Power Windows" album featured string sections and choir.
• Famous for their virtuosity and Lee's distinctive powerful reedy vocals.
• Outside of Anne Murray, Rush became Canada's biggest musical export.
• 1997 - Rush was on hold while Peart came to terms with the death of his daughter.
• 1998 - Peart's wife died of cancer.
• March 20, 1994 - After receiving 33 Juno nominations throughout the years, Rush was inducted into The Canadian Music Hall Of Fame.
• Nov. 14, 2000 - Lee released his debut solo album, "My Favourite Headache."
• Hits include "Fly By Night/In The Mood"(Jan., 1977)#88, "Closer To The Heart"(Nov., 1977)#76, "The Spirit Of The Radio"(Feb., 1980)#51, "Tom Sawyer"(June, 1981)#44, "New World Man"(Sept., 1982)#21, "The Big Money"(Nov., 1985)#45 and "Show Don't Tell" (1989).

Z.Z. TOP

• 1968 - Hard edge boogie trio formed in Houston, Texas.
• Consisting of Billy Gibbons (Dec. 16, 1949 – ) (guitar/vocals), Dusty Hill (Joe Hill) (May 19, 1949 – ) (bass/vocals) and Frank Beard (June 11, 1949 – ) (drums).
• Gibbons is the son of the Houston Philharmonic Orchestra conductor. He had been a member of the psychedelic group The Moving Sidewalks who had a hit in 1967 with "99th Floor."
• Feb., 1970 - Z.Z. Top played its debut gig in Beaumont, Texas.
• 1971 - Released their debut album, "Z. Z. Top's First Album."
• Famous for their full beards (grown in 1979) and bluesy southern boogie/party rock style.
• Their third and fourth albums, "Tres Hombres" (1973) and "Fandango" (1975) both went platinum.
• 1976 - Travelled with elaborate staging featuring a Southwestern motif complete with cacti in The Worldwide Texas Tour.
• 1976 - Released the "Tejas" album featuring the classic "Arrested For Driving While Blind"(March, 1977)#91.
• 1977-1979 - Inactive.
• April, 1983 - Released the "Eliminator" album featuring a synthesizer. By 1999, the album sold over 10 million copies.
• July, 1983 - Their recording of "Sharp Dressed Man" went to only #56 US yet became their biggest British hit.
• 1990 - Appeared in the movie "Back To The Future III."
• Hits include "Francene"(May, 1972)#69, "La Grange"(March, 1974) #41, "Tush"(July, 1975)#20, "I Thank You"(Jan., 1980)#34, "Legs" (May, 1984)#8, "Sleeping Bag"(Oct., 1985)#8, "Stages"(Jan., 1986) #21, "Rough Boy"(March, 1986)#22, "Velcro Fly"(July, 1986)#35 and "Double Check"(June, 1990)#50.

AEROSMITH

• Steve Tyler (Steven Tallarico) (March 26, 1948 – )
• Singer born in Boston, Massachusetts.
• Joe Perry (Anthony Joseph Perry) (Sept. 10, 1950 – )
• Lead guitarist born in Boston, Massachusetts.
• Brad Whitford (Feb. 23, 1952 – )
• Guitarist born in Winchester, Massachusetts.
• Tom Hamilton (Dec. 31, 1951 – )
• Bassist born in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
• Joey Kramer (June 21, 1950 – )
• Drummer born in New York City.
• 1970 - No frills hard rock quintet formed in Sunapee, New Hampshire.
• Began as a Rolling Stones cover band.
• The group's focal point was flamboyant charismatic frontman Tyler.
• Aug. 5, 1972 - Signed by Clive Davis of Columbia (CBS) Records for $125,000 after seeing them perform at Max's Kansas City in New York City.
• Oct., 1973 - Their impressive "Dream On" went to #59. Re-released in Jan., 1976, it climbed to #6.
• 1978 - Appeared in the film, "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" performing "Come Together"(Aug., 1978)#23.
• Dec., 1979 - Perry left to form The Joe Perry Project, replaced by Jimmy Crespo.
• 1981 - Whitford replaced by Rick Dufay.
• April, 1984 - The original band reunited.
• 1985 - Signed with Geffen Records.
• July, 1986 - Rap group Run-D.M.C. teamed with Tyler and Perry for an updated version of Aerosmith's "Walk This Way." The record hit #4 nationally, helped resuscitate the band's career and paved the way for the metal/rap fusion.
• One of the few original hard rock acts to survive well into the 1990's, the group has won every conceivable award.
• Tyler's daughter is actress Liv Tyler (July 1, 1977 – ).
• Hits include "Last Child"(June, 1976)#21, "Walk This Way" (Nov., 1976)#10, "Dude (Looks Like A Lady)"(Oct., 1987)#14, "Angel" (Jan., 1988)#3, "Rag Doll"(June, 1988)#17, "Love In An Elevator" (Sept., 1989)#5, "Janie's Got A Gun"(Nov., 1989)#4, "What It Takes"(March, 1990)#9, "The Other Side"(June, 1990)#22, "Livin' On The Edge"(June, 1993)#18, "Cryin'"(Oct., 1993)#12, "Amazing" (Jan., 1994)#24, "Crazy"(July, 1994)#17 and "I Don't Want To Miss A Thing"(Sept., 1998)#1.

JUDAS PRIEST

• 1973 - Heavy metal quintet formed in Birmingham, England.
• Consisting of Rob Halford (Aug. 25, 1951 – ) (vocals), Ian Hill (Jan. 20, 1952 – ) (bass), K.K. Downing (Oct. 27, 1951 – ) (guitar), Glenn Tipton (Oct. 25, 1948 – ) (guitar) and John Hinch (drums).
• The definitive leather and studs group featuring twin guitar leads.
• Often accused of satanic messages in their music.
• Dave Holland later became drummer.
• 1980 - Their "British Steel" album produced the UK hits, "Breaking The Law" and "United."
• 1990 - Holland replaced by Scott Travis.
• 1993 - Halford left to form Fight.
• 1997 - Released their "Jugulator" album featuring new singer Ripper Owens (1967 – ).
• 1997 - Halford formed Two, releasing the "Voyeurs" album.
• Hits include "Take On The World"(Jan., 1979)#14 UK, "Living After Midnight"(March, 1980)#12 UK, "You've Got Another Thing Comin'" (Aug., 1982)#66 UK, (Nov., 1982)#67 and "Freewheel Burnin'"(Jan., 1984)#42 UK.

AC/DC

• 1973 - Definitive heavy metal quintet formed in Sydney, Australia.
• Consisting of brothers Angus Young (March 31, 1959 – ) (guitar) and Malcolm Young (Jan. 6, 1953 – ) (guitar), Bon Scott (Ronald Belford) (July 8, 1946 - Feb. 19, 1980) (vocals), Mark Evans (March 2, 1956 – ) (bass) and Phil Rudd (May 19, 1946 – ) (drums).
• Angus and Malcolm, born in Glasgow, Scotland are the younger brothers of George Young of The Easybeats.
• Feb., 1975 - Their debut album, "High Voltage," produced by Vanda & Young, featured the single, "Dog Eat Dog."
• Their sound was get down and dirty metal featuring searing vocals and "bad boy" lyrics and attitude.
• Feb., 1977 - Evans was replaced by Cliff Williams (Dec. 14, 1949 – ).
• Nov., 1979 - Their "Highway To Hell" album hit #17, later going platinum.
• Feb. 19, 1980 - Scott died from alcohol abuse. He was replaced by leather lunged singer Brian Johnson (Oct. 5, 1947 – ) formerly of the British band Geordie.
• Aug., 1980 - Their classic "Black In Black" album topped the UK charts, later hitting #4 US in Dec. By 1999, it had sold well over 10 million copies.
• Aug., 1983 - Rudd quit, replaced by Simon Wright (June 19, 1963 – ).
• 1989 - Wright left to join Dio, replaced by Chris Slade (Oct. 30, 1946 – ).
• 1995 - The band reunited with original drummer Rudd.
• Sept., 1995 - Their first studio album in 5 years, "Ballbreaker" went gold in Australia (sales of 35,000 units) and debuted at #1 there.
• 2000 - Released their 17th album, "Stiff Upper Lip" featuring the title track.
• Hits include "Rock 'N' Roll Damnation"(June, 1978)#24 UK, "Highway To Hell"(Sept., 1979)#56, (Oct., 1979)#47, "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"(June, 1980)#47 UK, "You Shook Me All Night Long" (Sept., 1980)#38 UK, #35, "Back In Black"(Dec., 1980)#37, "Let's Get It Up"(Jan., 1982)#44, (Feb., 1982)#13 UK, "Guns For Hire" (Oct., 1983)#37 UK, #84 and "Nervous Shakedown"(Aug., 1984)#35 UK.
• Other classic tracks include "Big Balls" and "Problem Child."

VAN HALEN

• Eddie Van Halen (Jan. 26, 1957 – )
• Guitarist born in Nijmegen, Netherlands.
• Alex Van Halen (May 8, 1955 – )
• Drummer born in Nijmegen, Netherlands.
• David Lee Roth (Oct. 10, 1955 – )
• Singer born in Bloomington, Indiana.
• Michael Anthony (June 20, 1955 – )
• Bassist born in Chicago, Illinois.
• The Van Halen brothers are sons of a Dutch jazz musician.
• 1968 - The Van Halen brothers moved to Pasadena, California.
• 1973 - Formed Mammoth in Pasadena, California, becoming Van Halen in 1974.
• 1976 - Discovered by Gene Simmons of Kiss and signed to Warner Brothers.
• Feb., 1978 - Their debut album, "Van Halen" went to #19 and sold over 3 million copies.
• They became the most commercially successful metal based band of their time.
• Their main focal points were Eddie Van Halen's brilliant guitaristry (see Guitar Heroes) and the animated stage antics of Roth.
• Toured with 700,000 watts of light, 40,000 watts of sound and 50 tons of equipment.
• April 11, 1981 - Eddie Van Halen married actress Valerie Bertinelli.
• April, 1985 - Roth went solo (see Eighties Revue), replaced by singer/guitarist Sammy Hagar (Oct. 13, 1947 – ) (ex-Montrose).
• April, 1986 - Their "5150" album topped the US charts for 4 weeks. Its title concerns the New York police code for the criminally insane.
• May, 1988 - Took part in The Monsters Of Rock Tour which also featured Metallica, The Scorpions and Kingdom Come. The 20 all- day festival gigs featured 250,000 watts of sound.
• March, 1995 - Five years after their last studio album, they released the "Balance" album featuring Hagar's "Don't Tell Me."
• 1995 - Eddie Van Halen was diagnosed with hip problems.
• June, 1996 - Hagar exited with Roth returning temporarily.
• Oct., 1996 - Gary Cherone (July 24, 1961 – ) (ex-Extreme) was signed as the new vocalist.
• Dec., 1996 - Eddie undergoes hip replacement.
• Hits include "You Really Got Me"(Jan., 1978)#36, "Dance The Night Away"(April, 1979)#15, "(Oh) Pretty Woman"(Feb., 1982)#12, "Jump" (Jan., 1984)#1-5 wks., "I'll Wait"(April, 1984)#13, "Panama" (June, 1984)#13, "Why Can't This Be Love"(March, 1986)#3, "Dreams"(May, 1986)#22, "When It's Love"(July, 1988)#5, "Finish What Ya Started"(Oct., 1988)#13 and "Can't Stop Lovin' You"(June, 1995)#30

DEF LEPPARD

• 1977 - Metal quintet formed in Sheffield, England.
• Originally called Atomic Mass, then Deaf Leopard.
• The original lineup included drummer Frank Noon.
• Consisting of Joe Elliott (Aug. 1, 1959 – ) (vocals), Rick Allen (Nov. 1, 1963 – ) (drums), Pete Willis and Steve Clark (April 23, 1960 - Jan. 8, 1991) (lead guitars) and Rick Savage (Dec. 2, 1960 – ) (bass).
• 1979 - Released the 3 track EP, "Getcha Rocks Off."
• March, 1980 - Released their debut album, "On Through The Night."
• Late, 1982 - Willis was fired for alcohol abuse, replaced by Phil Collen (Dec. 8, 1957 – ) (ex-Girl).
• Dec. 31, 1984 - Allen lost his left arm in a car accident yet continued as drummer.
• Jan. 8, 1991 - Clark died of alcohol related respiratory failure.
• Released 2 monster hit albums - "Pyromania"(1983) (8 million copies) and "Hysteria"(1987) (10 million copies).
• Oct., 1995 - The group made The Guinness Book Of Records by playing 3 concerts on 3 different continents (Tangier, Morocco - London, England - Vancouver, Canada) all in one day.
• Hits include "Wasted"(Nov., 1979)#61 UK, "Photograph"(Feb., 1983) #66 UK, (March, 1983)#12, "Rock Of Ages"(June, 1983)#16, (Aug., 1983)#41 UK, "Animal"(Oct., 1987)#19, "Hysteria"(Jan., 1988)#10, "Pour Some Sugar On Me"(April, 1988)#2, "Love Bites"(Aug., 1988) #1, "Armageddon It"(Nov., 1988)#3, "Rocket"(March, 1989)#12, "Let's Get Rocked"(May, 1992)#15, "Have You Ever Needed Someone So Bad"(Oct., 1992)#12 and "Two Steps Behind"(Oct., 1993)#12.

IRON MAIDEN

• 1976 - Heavy metal quintet formed in East London, England.
• Consisting of singer Paul Di'Anno (May 17, 1959 – ), bassist/songwriter Steve Harris (March 12, 1957 – ), guitarist Dave Murray (Dec. 23, 1958 – ), drummer Doug Sampson and guitarist Dennis Stratton (Nov. 9, 1954 – ).
• Their name was taken from the medieval instrument of torture.
• April, 1980 - Their debut album, "Iron Maiden" peaked at #4 UK.
• 1981 - Sampson left replaced by Clive Burr (March 8, 1957 – ).
• Sept. 26, 1981 - Di'Anno was replaced by Bruce Dickinson (Aug. 7, 1958 – ) (ex-Saxon). Because of his piercing high pitched vocals, he was nicknamed "The Air Raid Siren."
• 1982 - Their "Number Of The Beast" album was hailed as one of the best albums of the year by The New Musical Express.
• 1982 - The lineup included Nicko McBrain (June 5, 1952 – ) (drums) and Adrian Smith (Feb. 27, 1957 – ) (rhythm guitar).
• Noted for their energetic stage performances and their ghoulish skeletal logo character called Eddie.
• By the end of 1992, they had accumulated 24 UK singles and 10 albums.
• 1984 - Began the 200 concert "World Slavery" tour.
• Feb., 1990 - EMI released 10 double 12' mini albums during the year to celebrate the group's 10 year association with the band.
• 1993 - Dickinson left.
• Jan., 1994 - Blaze Bayley (1963 – ) took over as vocalist.
• Oct., 1995 - Their "The X Factor" album featuring "Man On The Edge" was released.
• June, 2000 - Released the "Brave New World" album featuring "The Wicker Man."
• Hits include "Running Free"(Feb., 1980)#34 UK, "Sanctuary"(June, 1980)#29 UK, "Run To The Hills"(Feb., 1982)#7 UK, "The Number Of The Beast"(May, 1982)#18 UK, "The Trooper"(July, 1983)#12 UK, "2 Minutes To Midnight"(Aug., 1984)#11 UK, "Aces High"(Nov., 1984) #20 UK, "The Clairvoyant"(Nov., 1988)#6 UK, "Infinite Dreams" (Nov., 1989)#6 UK and "Bring Your Daughter To the Slaughter" (Jan., 1991)#1 UK.

TWISTED SISTER

• Metal quintet formed in Long Island, New York.
• Fronted by Dee Snider (March 15, 1955 – ) from Massapequa, Long Island. He was famous for his garrish stage makeup.
• Consisting of Snider, Jay French (guitar), Eddie Ojeda (guitar), Mark Mendosa (bass) and A.J. Pero (drums).
• 1987 - Pero was replaced by Joey Franco.
• Late, 1987 - Disbanded.
• Hits include "We're Not Gonna Take It"(July, 1984)#21, "I Wanna Rock"(Oct., 1984)#68 and "Leader Of The Pack"(Nov., 1985)#53.

SCORPIONS

• 1971 - Heavy metal rock quintet formed in Hanover, Germany.
• Consisting of Francis Buchholz (Feb. 19, 1950 – ) (bass), Rudolf Schenker (Aug. 31, 1948 – ) (lead guitar/vocals), Klaus Meine (May 25, 1948 – ) (lead vocals), Herman Rarebell (Nov. 18, 1949 – ) (drums) and Matthias Jabs (Oct. 25, 1956 – ) (guitar).
• From the beginning, recorded in English.
• 1972 - Released their debut album, "Lonesome Crow."
• 1974 - Released their second album, "Fly To The Rainbow."
• 1975 - Began playing outside of Germany, doing all their own booking.
• April, 1984 - Released its most successful to date, "Love At First Sting," hitting #6 US.
• 1988 - Took part in The Monsters Of Rock Tour which also featured Van Halen, Kingdom Come and Metallica.
• Hits include "No One Like You"(June, 1982)#65, "Rock You Like A Hurricane"(March, 1984)#25, "Still Loving You"(July, 1984)#64, "Rhythm Of Love"(June, 1988)#75 and "Wind Of Change"(Aug., 1991) #4.

GROUPS WITH METAL LEANINGS

KISS

• See Glitter/Glam Rock

QUEEN

• See Progressive Rock

HEART

• See Rock And Pop Of The Seventies - Arena Rock

REO SPEEDWAGON

• 1968 - Commercially successful hard edge rock quintet formed in Champaign, Illinois.
• 1971 - Consisting of Terry Luttrell (vocals), Greg Philbin (bass), Gary Richrath (Oct. 18, 1949 – ) (lead guitar), Neal Doughty (July 29, 1946 – ) (keys) and Alan Gratzer (Nov. 9, 1948 – ) (drums).
• Named after a 1911 fire truck designed by Ransom Eli Olds.
• 1971 - Released their debut album, "REO Speedwagon."
• Feb., 1972 - Singer/rhythm guitarist Kevin Cronin (Oct. 6, 1951 – ) took over as vocalist.
• Dec., 1972 - Cronin was replaced by Mike Murphy.
• July, 1976 - Philbin was replaced by Bruce Hall (May 3, 1953 – ).
• 1977 - Their "You Get What You Play For" double album went platinum.
• Feb., 1981 - Their "Hi Fidelity" album hit #1 US for over 15 weeks on and off until June.
• 1988 - Gratzer was replaced by ex-Santana drummer Graham Lear.
• 1990 - Lineup consisted of Cronin, Doughty and Hall plus new members Jesse Harms, Bryan Britt and Dave Amato.
• Hits include "Ridin' The Storm Out"(May, 1977)#94, "Keep On Loving You"(Nov., 1980)#1, "Take It On The Run"(March, 1981)#5, "In Your Letter"(Aug., 1981)#20, "Keep The Fire Burning"(June, 1982)#7, "Can't Fight This Feeling"(Jan., 1985)#1-3 wks., "One Lonely Night"(March, 1985)#19, "That Ain't Love"(Jan., 1987)#16 and "In My Dreams"(July, 1987)#19.

THE SECOND METAL WAVE

MOTORHEAD

• Lemmy (Ian Fraser Kilminster) (Dec. 24, 1945 – ) Bassist born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England.
• Bassist for Hawkwind, he had been fired during a U.S. tour.
• June 21, 1975 - Formed the heavy metal trio Motorhead in Britain. They had originally planned to call themselves Bastard.
• Consisting of Lemmy, guitarist Larry Wallis and drummer Lucas Fox.
• Lemmy stated that they would be "the kind of band that if we moved in next to you, your lawn would die."
• July, 1975 - Played their debut live performance at London's Roundhouse.
• Later, guitarist "Fast" Eddie Clarke (Oct. 5, 1950 – ) and drummer Philthy Animal (Philip Taylor) (Sept. 21, 1954 – ) joined.
• The group boasted a 126 decibel live sound.
• 1981 - Their live album, "No Sleep Til Hammersmith" went to #1 UK.
• 1981 - Recorded the "St. Valentine's Day Massacre" EP with female metal band Girlschool.
• 1984 - Twin lead guitarists Wurzel (Michael Burston) (Oct. 27, 1949 – ) and Phil Campbell (May 7, 1961 – ) joined.
• 1996 - Released album #16, "Overnight Sensation," featuring "Civil War" and "Eat The Gun."
• British hits include "Louie Louie"(Sept., 1978)#68, "Overkill" (March, 1979)#39, "The Golden Years"(May, 1980)#8, "Ace Of Spades"(Nov., 1980)#15 and "Killed By Death"(Sept., 1984)#51.

WHITESNAKE

• David Coverdale (Sept. 21, 1951 – )
• Hard rock singer born in Saltburn, Tyne And Wear, England.
• 1973-1976 - Lead singer of Deep Purple.
• Recorded the solo albums, "White Snake"(1977) and "North Winds" (1978).
• 1977 - The group Whitesnake was formed originally from the session musicians who were involved in the projects.
• 1978 - Toured with The Police.
• Early Whitesnake members included drummer Ian Paice and keyboardist Jon Lord, both formerly of Deep Purple.
• 1984 - The group was a 4 piece ensemble.
• 1989 - The lineup included guitarist Steve Vai, formerly with David Lee Roth.
• 1992 - The group retired temporarily while Coverdale worked with Jimmy Page.
• Albums include "Trouble"(1978), "Love Hunter"(1979), "Ready And Willing"(1980) and "Whitesnake '87"(1987).
• Hits include "Long Way From Home"(Nov., 1979)#55 UK, "Fool For Your Loving"(April, 1980)#13 UK, (Aug., 1980)#53, "Here I Go Again"(Nov., 1982)#34 UK, (July, 1987)#1, "Give Me More Time" (Jan., 1984)#29 UK, "Is This Love"(Oct., 1987)#2 and "The Deeper The Love"(Jan., 1990)#28.

METALLICA

• 1981 - Speed metal quartet formed in Los Angeles, developing a cult following.
• Consisting of Lars Ulrich (Dec> 26, 1963 – ) (drums), James Hetfield (Aug. 3, 1963 – ) (guitar/vocals), Dave Mustaine (Sept. 13, 1961 – ) (guitar) and Cliff Burton (Clifford Lee Burton) (Feb. 10, 1962 - Sept. 27, 1986) (bass).
• April, 1983 - Mustaine was fired, replaced by Kirk Hammett (Nov. 18, 1962 – ) (ex-Exodus). Mustaine went on to form Megadeth.
• May, 1983 - Began recording their debut album, "Kill 'Em All (Metal Up Your Ass)."
• Here in all its unadulterated glory is the blood, gore and guts of the metal genre.
• March, 1986 - Their "Master Of Puppets" album went to #29 despite a lack of singles.
• Sept. 27, 1986 - Burton was killed when the band's tour bus crashed in Scandinavia. He was replaced by Jason Newsted (March 4, 1963 – ) (ex-Flotsam And Jetsam).
• Sept., 1988 - Their "....And Justice For All" album hit #6.
• Feb., 1989 - Won The Best Heavy Metal Grammy Award.
• Aug., 1991 - Their mainstream breakthrough album, "Metallica" went to #1 in both America and Britain.
• June, 1996 - Released their first album in five years, "Load" which debuted at #1.
• Jan., 2001 - Newsted announced his departure.
• Hits include "One"(Feb., 1989)#35, "Enter Sandman"(Aug., 1991)#5 UK, (Oct., 1991)#16, "The Unforgiven"(Jan., 1992)#35, "Nothing Else Matters"(May, 1992)#34, "Until It Sleeps"(June, 1996)#10 and "I Disappear"(June, 2000).

QUIET RIOT

• Los Angeles, California metal quartet.
• Consisting of Kevin DuBrow (Oct. 29, 1955 – ) (lead vocals), Carlos Cavazo (guitar), Frankie Banali (Nov. 14, 1955 – ) (drums) and Rudy Sarzo (bass).
• 1985 - Sarzo replaced by Chuck Wright.
• 1987 - DuBrow and Wright replaced by vocalist Paul Shortino and bassist Sean McNabb.
• Several of the band's major hits were covers of material originated by Slade such as "Cum On Feel The Noize" and "Mama Weer All Crazee Now."
• Hits include "Cum Feel The Noize"(Sept., 1983)#5, "Bang Your Head (Metal Health)"(Jan., 1984)#31 and "Mama Weer All Crazee Now" (July, 1984)#51.

RATT

• Los Angeles, California metal quintet.
• Consisting of Stephen Pearcy (July 3, 1959 – ) (vocals), Juan Croucier (bass), Warren DeMartini (guitar) and Robin Crosby (guitar).
• Group featuring a flamboyant street attitude and style.
• Hits include "Round And Round"(June, 1984)#12, "Lay It Down" (July, 1985)#40, "Dance"(Feb., 1987)#59 and "Way Cool Jr."(Jan., 1989)#75.

DOKKEN

• 1984 - Hard rock quartet formed in Los Angeles, California.
• Consisting of Don Dokken (vocals), George Lynch (guitar), Jeff Pilson (bass) and Mick Brown (drums).
• Million selling albums include "Breakin' The Chains" and "Back For The Attack."
• 1988 - Disbanded.
• 1990 - Dokken formed The Don Dokken Band consisting of Mikkey Dee (drums), John Norum (guitar), Billy White (guitar) and Peter Baltes (bass).
• 1990 - Lynch and Brown formed Lynch Mob.
• 1993 - Reunited.
• 1995 - Released the "Dokken" album featuring "The Maze" and "Too High To Fly."
• Hits include "Alone Again"(May, 1985)#64, "In My Dreams"(Feb., 1986)#77 and "Burning Like A Flame"(Dec., 1987)#72.

BON JOVI

• Jon Bon Jovi (John Francis Bongiovi) (March 2, 1962 – )
• Singer/songwriter/guitarist born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey.
• Worked briefly as an assistant at The Power Station studio in New York City.
• 1983 - Formed the hard rock quintet Bon Jovi in Sayreville, New Jersey.
• Consisting of Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora (July 11, 1960 – ) (guitar), Dave Bryan (David Bryan Rashbaum) (Feb. 7, 1962 – ) (keys), Alec John Such (Nov. 14, 1955 – ) (bass) and Hector "Tico" Torres (Oct. 7, 1953 – ) (drums).
• One of the most melodic and commercially accessible hard rock bands of all time.
• Many of the group's singles were co-written by Desmond Child.
• April, 1984 - Released their debut album, "Bon Jovi," eventually hitting #43 which included the hit, "Runaway"(Feb., 1984)#39.
• Oct., 1986 - Their third album, "Slippery When Wet" stayed at #1 for 8 wks.
• Oct., 1988 - Their "New Jersey" album stayed at #1 for 4 weeks.
• 1989 - Bon Jovi headlined the first heavy metal concert staged at Moscow's Lenin Stadium.
• July, 1990 - Jon Bon Jovi had a #1 solo hit with "Blaze Of Glory" (from the film, "Young Guns II" in which Jon Bon Jovi makes a cameo appearance).
• Jon Bon Jovi's film appearances include "Moonlight And Valentino" (1995) and "Nothing New"(1997).
• Dec. 17, 1994 - Sambora married actress Heather Locklear.
• June, 1997 - Jon Bon Jovi released the solo album, "Destination Anywhere."
• June, 2000 - Bon Jovi released the "Crush" album.
• 2002 - Released the "Bounce" album featuring "Misunderstood."
• Hits include "You Give Love A Bad Name"(Sept.,1986)#1, "Livin' On A Prayer"(Dec., 1986)#1-4 wks., "Wanted Dead Or Alive"(April, 1987)#7, "Bad Medicine"(Sept., 1988)#1-2 wks., "Born To Be My Baby"(Nov., 1988)#3, "I'll Be There For You"(March, 1989)#1, "Lay Your Hands On Me"(June, 1989)#7, "Living In Sin"(Oct., 1989)#9, "Miracle"(Dec., 1990)#12, "Keep The Faith"(Nov., 1992)#29, "Bed Of Roses"(March, 1993)#1-6 wks., "Always"(Dec., 1994)#4, "This Ain't A Love Song"(Aug., 1995)#14 and "Misunderstood"(2002).

THE CULT

• 1982 - British rock trio formed as Southern Death Cult in Bradford, England.
• Consisting of Ian Astbury (Ian Lindsay) (May 14, 1962 – ) (vocals), Bill Duffy (William H. Duffy) (May 12, 1961 – ) (guitar) and Jamie Stewart (bass).
• Garage band with metal leanings and mod style.
• Jan., 1983 - Released their debut single, "Fat Man" on the independent label Situation 2, eventually hit #50 UK.
• Jan., 1984 - Became The Cult.
• Visuals included 1960's style clothing combined with American Indian gear and motifs. Lighting effects also featured a 1960's approach.
• The main attraction was striking, charismatic frontman Astbury.
• Numerous other musicians involved include drummer Matt Storm who joined Guns N' Roses in 1990.
• 1990 - Stewart exited leaving an uncertain future for the group.
• Feb., 1995 - The group was defunct.
• 1996 - Astbury formed the doomed Holy Barbarians.
• June, 2000 - Astbury released the "Spirit/Light/Speed" album.
• 2001 - The Cult briefly reformed.
• Hits include "She Sells Sanctuary"(July, 1985)#15 UK, "Rain" (Oct., 1985)#17 UK, "Revolution"(Dec., 1985)#30 UK, "Lil' Devil" (May, 1987)#11 UK, "Wildflower"(Aug., 1987)#24, "Fire Woman" (April, 1989)#15 UK, (July, 1989)#46 and "Edie (Ciao Baby)" (July, 1989)#32 UK, (Sept., 1989)#93.

MOTLEY CRUE

• May, 1981 - Glam/metal quartet Motley Crue formed in Los Angeles, California.
• Consisting of Vince Neil (Vincent Neil Wharton) (Feb. 8, 1961 – ) (vocals), Mick Mars (Bob Deal) (April 3, 1955 – ) (guitar), Nikki Sixx (Frank Carlton Serafino Ferranno) (Dec. 11, 1958 – ) (bass) and Tommy Lee (Thomas Lee Bass) (Oct. 3, 1962 – ) (drums).
• 1979 - Lee had been in a band called Suite 19.
• Dec., 1981 - Released their debut album, "Too Fast For Love," re-released in Aug., 1982.
• Nov., 1983 - Their "Shout At The Devil" went to #17.
• Famous for their heavy duty sound and extreme glam rock attire.
• May 10, 1986-1993 - Tommy Lee was married to actress Heather Locklear.
• May., 1990 - Neil appeared in the film, "The Adventures Of Ford Fairlane."
• Sept. 7, 1991 - Signed a $22 million record deal.
• Feb. 29, 1992 - Neil was fired, releasing his first solo album, "Carved In Stone" in 1995. He was replaced by John Corobi (April 26, 1959 – ) formerly of Scream.
• 1995 - Lee married actress Pamela Anderson.
• June, 1997 - Released the "Generation Swine" album which reunited the band with Neil.
• Feb. 24, 1998 - Lee was arrested for the beating of his wife Pamela Anderson and went to jail for 4 months in May.
• Hits include "Looks That Kill"(Feb., 1984)#54, "Smokin' In The Boys Room"(July, 1985)#16, "Girls, Girls, Girls"(May, 1987)#12, "Dr. Feelgood"(Sept., 1989)#6, "Kickstart My Heart"(Nov., 1989) #27, "Without You"(Feb., 1990)#8 and "Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)"(June, 1990)#19.
• Recommended album - "Motley Crue"(1994).

QUEENSRYCHE

• 1981 - Showy hard edge quintet featuring classical overtones formed in Seattle, Washington.
• Consisting of Geoff Tate (Jan. 14, 1959 – ) (vocals), Chris DeGarme (June 14, 1963 – ) (guitar), Michael Wilton (Feb. 23, 1962 – ) (guitar), Scott Rockenfield (June 15, 1963 – ) (drums) and Eddie Jackson (Jan. 29, 1961 – ) (bass).
• 1982 - Released their debut album, "Queen Of The Ryche."
• Nov., 1994 - Their "Promised Land" album debuted at #3.
• Jan., 1998 - DeGarme quit.
• Hits include "Gonna Get Close To You"(1986), "I Don't Believe In Love"(Sept., 1989), "Empie"(Oct., 1990)#7 and "Silent Lucidity" (June, 1991)#9.

POISON

• 1984 - Commercially successful metal quartet formed in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
• Consisting of Bret Michaels (Bret Michael Sychak) (March 15, 1963 – ) (vocals), CC DeVille (Bruce Anthony Johannesson) (May 14, 1962 – ) (guitar), Bobby Dall (Robert Kay Kendall) (Nov. 2, 1965 – ) (bass) and Rikki Rockett (Richard Ream) (Aug. 8, 1959 – ) (drums).
• 1985 - Relocated to Hollywood, California.
• Aug., 1986 - Released their debut album, "Look What The Cat Dragged In," which eventually hit #3.
• Jan., 1992 - DeVille quit, replaced by Richie Kotzen (Feb. 3, 1970 – ).
• Jan., 1994 - Blues Saraceno (Oct. 17, 1971 – ) took over as lead guitarist.
• March, 1998 - Michaels starred in and directed the film, "A Letter From Death Row."
• Albums include "Open Up And Say....Ahh"(1988) and "Flesh And Blood"(1990).
• Hits include "Talk Dirty To Me"(March, 1987)#9, "Nothin' But A Good Time"(April, 1988)#6, "Fallen Angel"(July, 1988)#12, "Every Rose Has Its Thorn"(Oct., 1988)#1-3 wks., "Your Mama Don't Dance"(Feb., 1989)#10, "Unskinny Bop"(July, 1990)#3, "Something To Believe In"(Oct., 1990)#4 and "Power To The People"(June, 2000).
• Recommended album - "Native Tongue"(1993) featuring "Until You Suffer Some (Fire And Ice)."

WINGER

• 1986 - Hard rock quartet formed in New York City.
• Consisting of Kip Winger (vocals/bass), Reb Beach (guitar), Rod Morgenstein (drums) and Paul Taylor (keys).
• Kip Winger was once a member of Alice Cooper's band.
• Hits include "Seventeen"(Feb., 1989)#26, "Headed For A Heartache" (June, 1989)#19 and "Can't Get Enuff"(July, 1990)#42.

CINDERELLA

• Glam/metal quartet based in Pennsylvania.
• Consisting of Tom Keifer (vocals), Jeff LaBar (guitar), Eric Brittingham (bass) and Fred Coury (drums).
• Hits include "Nobody's Fool"(Nov., 1986)#13, "Don't Know What You Got (Till It's Gone)"(Sept., 1988)#12, "The Last Mile"(Jan., 1989)#36 and "Coming Home"(April, 1989)#20.

EUROPE

• Rock quintet from Sweden.
• Consisting of Joey Tempest (vocals), Kee Marcello (guitar), John Leven (bass), Mic Michaeli (keys) and Ian Haughland (drums).
• Hits include "The Final Countdown"(Jan., 1987)#8, "Rock The Night"(May, 1987)#30, "Carrie"(Aug., 1987)#3 and "Superstitious" (Aug., 1988)#31.

WHITE LION

• New York based rock quartet.
• Consisting of Mike Tramp (Jan. 14, 1961 – ) (vocals), Vito Bratta (guitar), Greg D'Angelo (ex-Anthrax) (Dec. 18, 1963 – ) (drums) and James Lomenzo (bass).
• Noted for their plaintive ballads.
• Hits including "Wait"(Feb., 1988)#8, "When The Children Cry" (Nov., 1988) and "Radar Love"(Sept., 1989)#59.

GUNS N' ROSES

• 1985 - Hard rock quintet formed in Los Angeles, California.
• Formed from members of L. A. Guns and Hollywood Roses.
• Consisting of Axl Rose (William Bailey) (Feb. 7, 1962 – ) (vocals), Slash (Saul Hudson) (July 23, 1965 – ) (lead guitar), Duff "Rose" McKagan (Michael McKagen) (Feb. 5, 1964 – ) (bass), Izzy Stradlin (Jeffrey Isbell) (April 8, 1962 – ) (guitar) and Steven Adler (Jan. 22, 1965 – ) (drums).
• The most successful and controversial band of the new metal wave.
• Aug., 1987 - Released their debut album, "Appetite For Destruction."
• Charismatic Rose became the most talked about frontman in rock, famous for his macho posturing and his penchant for wearing long kilts on stage. Although his ground to a pulp voice often sounds like he has been gargling with Drano, he is undoubtedly the premier hard rock frontman of the early 1990's.
• Aug., 1988 - Played at The Castle Donington Festival in England where 2 fans were crushed to death.
• April 20, 1990-Jan., 1991 - Rose was married to Erin Everly (daughter of Don Everly).
• 1990 - Adler was replaced by Matt Sorum, formerly of The Cult.
• 1990 - A Rolling Stone Magazine Poll named Rose The Worst Male Vocalist In Rock and The Worst Dressed Male Rock Artist. The same poll named the group The Best Heavy Metal Band.
• 1991 - Released a double album set titled "Use Your Illusion," featuring the hits, "November Rain," "Live And Let Die" and "Knockin' On Heaven's Door."
• Stradlin left to form his own group Ju Ju Hounds. Their debut release came in Oct., 1992. Replaced by Gilby Clarke then Dizzy Reed.
• 1994 - Guns N' Roses' top notch version of Jagger & Richards' "Sympathy For The Devil" was featured in the dramatic conclusion of the film, "Interview With The Vampire."
• 1995 - Slash also began touring with his other project Snakepit. His first solo album, "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere" was a disappointment.
• Nov., 1996 - Slash left the group.
• 2000 - Reformed.
• Hits include "Sweet Child O' Mine"(June, 1988)#1-2 wks., "Welcome To The Jungle"(Oct., 1988)#7, "Paradise City" (Jan., 1989)#5, "Patience"(April, 1989)#4, "Knockin' On Heaven's Door"(June, 1990), "Don't Cry"(Nov., 1991)#10, "Live And Let Die"(Feb., 1992) #33 and "November Rain"(Aug., 1992)#3.

SKID ROW

• 1986 - Metal quintet formed in New York City.
• Consisting of Dave "The Snake" Sabo (guitar), Scott Hill (guitar), Rob Affuso (drums), Rachel Bolan (bass) and blond 6' 4" lead singer Sebastian Bach (Sebastian Bierk) (April 3, 1968 – ).
• Bach, born in Freeport, Bahamas, later moving to Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, had cut an album in the early 1980's for Attic Records with Kid Wicked, later forming Madam X.
• Skid Row's debut album sold 3 million copies and their second offering, "Slave To The Grind" sold 4 over million copies.
• Pretty boy Bach became a major centrefold.
• 1992 - Released their "B-Side Ourselves" EP.
• Jan., 1993 - After years of abuse, Bach quit booze and cocaine.
• March, 1995 - Their third album, "Subhuman Race" was released.
• 1996 - Skid Row fired Bach and formed a new group called Ozone Monday with frontman Shawn McCabe. Bach formed Sebastian Bach & Friends.
• 2000 - Skid Row reformed with Bach.
• 2000 - Bach appeared on Broadway in "Jekyll & Hyde."
• Hits include "Youth Gone Wild"(June, 1989)#99, "18 And Life" (July, 1989)#4 and "I Remember You"(Nov., 1989)#6.

WARRANT

• Los Angeles, California metal quintet.
• Consisting of Jani Lane (vocals), Erik Turner (guitar), Steven Sweet (drums), Joey Allen (guitar) and Jerry Dixon (bass).
• Hits include "Down Boys"(April, 1989)#27, "Heaven"(July, 1989)#2, "Sometimes She Cries"(Jan., 1990)#20 and "Cherry Pie"(Sept., 1990)#10.

ENUFF Z' NUFF

• Chicago, Illinois rock quintet.
• Consisting of Chip Z'Nuff (bass), Vikki Foxx (drums), Donnie Vie (vocals) and Derek Frigo (guitar).
• Hits include "New Thing"(Oct., 1989)#67 and "Fly High Michelle" (Jan., 1990)#47.

SLAUGHTER

• Las Vegas metal quartet led by singer Mark Slaughter.
• Hits include "Up All Night"(April, 1990)#27, "Fly To The Angels" (Aug., 1990)#19 and "Wild Life"(1992).

FAITH NO MORE

• 1983 - Hard rock quintet formed in San Francisco, California.
• Consisting of Mike "Puffy" Bordin (Nov27, 1962 – ) (drums), Roddy Bottum (July 1, 1963 – ) (keys), Bill Gould (April 24, 1963 – ) (bass), Jim Martin (July 21, 1961 – ) (guitar) and Michael Patton (Jan. 27, 1968 – ) (lead vocals).
• 1985 - Released their debut album, "Faith NoMore."
• Martin was replaced by Trey Spruance.
• The group often incorporated rap elements into their style.
• 1995 - Dean Menta became lead guitarist.
• Albums include "The Real Thing"(1989), "Angel Dust"(1992) and "King For A Day....Fool For A Lifetime"(1995).
• Hits include "Epic"(June, 1990)#9 and "Falling To Pieces"(Nov., 1990)#92.

NELSON

• Commercial rock quintet with metal overtones.
• Headed by the twin sons of singer Rick Nelson - Gunnar (vocals/ rhythm guitar) and Matthew (vocals/bass) Nelson (Sept. 20, 1967 – ).
• Consisting of Gunnar Nelson, Matthew Nelson, Brett Garsed (guitar), Paul Mirkovich (keys) and Bobby Rock (drums).
• 1990 - Signed with Geffen Records.
• Hits include "(Can't Live Without Your) Love And Affection"(July, 1990)#1, "After The Rain"(1990), "More Than Ever"(1991) and "Only Time Will Tell"(1991).

ALSO SEE

• The Nineties And Beyond - The Seattle Sound, Industrial Music

A SELECTED LISTING OF RECORDINGS BY OTHER METAL BANDS

• Accept - "Balls To The Walls" album (1984).
• Bang Tango - "Psycho Cafe" album (1989).
• Dio - "Holy Diver" album (1983).
• Extreme - "Extreme II - Pornographitti" album (1990) featuring the hit, "More Than Words."
• The Four Horsemen - "Nobody Said It Was Easy" album (1991).
• Geneva - "Geneva" (promo single) (1988).
• Kingdom Come - "Get It On" (single) (April, 1988)#69.
• Manowar - "Kings Of Metal" album (1988).
• Megadeth - "Countdown To Extinction" album (1992).
• Omen - "Battle Cry" album (1992).
• Saxon - "Saxon" album (1979).
• Slik Toxik - "Doin' The Nasty" album (1991).
• Wasp - "Live .... In The Raw" album (1987) featuring "Scream Until You Like It"(Sept., 1987) (from "Ghoulies II").

METAL QUEENS

PAT BENATAR

• Patricia Andrzejewski (Jan. 10, 1953 – )
• Singer born in Lindenhurst, Long Island, New York.
• Former opera student with a three and a half octave range, she states that formal training goes out the window when you sing rock.
• Married Dennis Benatar and moved to Virginia.
• 1975 - Discovered by her future manager Rick Newman.
• 1978 - Signed to Chrysalis.
• Her backup group consisted of Neil Geraldo (guitar), Scott St. Clair Sheets (guitar), Roger Capps (bass) and Myron Grombacher (drums).
• 1979 - Her debut album, "In The Heat Of the Night" sold over a million copies.
• Her commercial style features both metal and new wave elements.
• 1982 - Married her guitarist/songwriter/producer Neil Geraldo.
• 1991 - After a brief retirement to have a family, Benatar released a torchy blues flavoured album which did not do well.
• Hits include "Heartbreaker"(Dec., 1979)#23, "Hit Me With Your Best Shot"(Oct., 1980)#9, "Fire And Ice"(July, 1981)#17, "Love Is A Battlefield"(Sept., 1983)#5, "We Belong"(Oct., 1984)#5, "Invincible"(July, 1985)#10, "Sex As A Weapon"(Nov., 1985)#28 and "All Fired Up"(July, 1988)#19.

JOAN JETT

• (Sept. 22, 1960 – )
• Singer/songwriter/guitarist born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• 1975-1978 - Guitarist for the Los Angeles all female band The Runaways (Cherie Currie, Lita Ford, Jackie Fox and Sandy West). The group was put together by songwriter Kim Fowley. Albums include "Queens Of Noise"(1977) and "Waitin' For The Night" (1977).
• 1979 - Jett starred in the unreleased film, "We're All Crazy Now," based on the group's career.
• 1980 - Formed her own backup band The Blackhearts, made up of Los Angeles studio musicians.
• 1981 - Released her unsuccessful debut album, "Bad Reputation."
• Much of her material consists of reworked rock standards.
• 1987 - Starred in the Paul Schrader film, "Light Of Day."
• Jett helped break down barriers for women in rock by eliminating stereotypes.
• Hits include "I Love Rock N' Roll"(Feb., 1982)#1-7 wks., "Crimson And Clover"(May, 1982)#7, "Do You Wanna Touch Me"(July, 1982)#20, "Light Of Day"(Feb., 1987)#33, "I Hate Myself For Loving You" (June, 1988)#8 and "Dirty Deeds"(Jan., 1990)#36.

ANN WILSON

• See Rock And Pop Of The Seventies - Arena Rock (Heart)

LEE AARON

• (July 21, 1962 – )
• Rock singer from Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• Canada's heavy metal queen.
• Originally performed with her group The Lee Aaron Project in Toronto, Ontario.
• 1995 - Left Toronto and based herself in Vancouver.
• Aaron is one of the most exciting hard rock females in the business - sadly overlooked.
• Canadian hits include "Shake It Up"(1984), "Only Human"(1987) and "Whatcha Do To My Body"(1989).

LITA FORD

• (Sept. 19, 1959 – )
• Guitarist/vocalist born in London, England.
• 1975-1978 - Guitarist with the Los Angeles all female rock group The Runaways.
• Hits include "Kiss Me Deadly"(April, 1988)#12 and "Close My Eyes Forever"(March, 1989)#8 (with Ozzy Osbourne).

ALANNAH MYLES

• See The Nineties And Beyond

GUITAR HEROES

JIMMY PAGE

• Guitar god, much admired and copied but never equalled. An elegant, tasteful guitarist (see Led Zeppelin and The Yardbirds).
• During the 1960's, he was heard on countless recordings as a studio musician. A compilation album, "Jimmy's Back Pages"(1992) documents these tracks.

JIMI HENDRIX

• As an innovator, no one has done more for rock guitaristry. The left handed virtuoso was probably the most revered guitarist of his time. Hendrix was like a visitor from another planet, playing the instrument like no one before or since (see The Summers Of Love).

EDDIE VAN HALEN

• The most satisfying and tasteful of the new breed. He perfected the Van Halen finger style (see Van Halen).

STEVE VAI

• Ex Whitesnake/David Lee Roth guitarist who made a name for himself in the nineties as a solo artist.
• He designed a guitar with a 7th string.
• Recommended album - "Passion And Warfare"(1990).

JOE SATRIANI

• Experimental guitarist with a huge cult following.
• Recordings include "Not Of This Earth"(1986), "Surfing With The Alien"(1987) and "Flying In A Blue Dream"(1989).

SLASH

• Popular guitarist, famous for his flamboyance and showmanship (see Guns N' Roses).

YNWIE J. MALMSTEEN

• Elaborate experimental guitarist, who with his band Rising Force promoted a sort of metal aspiring to classical greatness.
• Recommended album - "Trilogy"(1986).

ALSO SEE

• Chapter 25: The British Invasion
• Chapter 26: The Summers Of Love
• Chapter 27: Glitter/Glam And Art Rock
• Chapter 28: Progressive Rock
• Chapter 31: Rock And Pop Of The Seventies - Arena Rock
• Chapter 33: Punk Rock
• Chapter 37: Eighties Revue
• Chapter 38: The Nineties And Beyond

BIBLIOGRAPHY